Terms and expressions
BIM
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is about generation and management of digital building models. BIM is intended to be the core part of a cooperation model between, for example, the client, contractor, electricians, plumbers, maintainers and the public authorities – both during the actual construction process and subsequently throughout the life of the building until its possible demolition and the recycling of materials. There are Building Information Models for each of the various disciplines (building, structural, electrical, HVAC, plumbing, etc.), and these models may also be combined in an interdisciplinary model.
CAD
Computer-aided design, often abbreviated as CAD is design and technical drawing performed using computer-based software and tools. Such programs are used by engineers, architects and other designers in various industries and disciplines, such as in building and civil engineering.
“Det offentlige kartgrunnlaget” (DOK)
The Norwegian Public Base of Geospatial Data (DOK) is defined in Section 2-1 of the Planning and Building Act and the associated Mapping and Planning Regulations, and it represents authoritative geospatial data that has been adapted so that it is a suitable knowledge base for the needs of the Planning and Building Act. The purpose of the public base of geospatial data is to ensure knowledge-based and efficient planning and administrative procedures. It is the Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation that determines what data shall be included in the national data list for the public base of geospatial data (DOK). For more information, see: http://www.kartverket.no/geodataarbeid/temadata/det-offentlige-kartgrunnlaget/
Shared components and shared solutions
Shared components are defined as components of IT solutions that can be co-used or reused in multiple IT solutions. Simply stated, it can be said that shared components are common building blocks for the development of electronic services. In the Digital Agenda, shared solutions are pointed out as important efficiency measures to meet different needs in the public sector. The report to the Storting lists several strategic principles for national shared components, one of which is that the development of shared components should be coordinated.
“Felles kartdatabase (FKB)”
The Joint Geospatial Database (FKB) is a collection of structured data sets that form an important part of the geospatial infrastructure for an area. The data sets in the Joint Geospatial Database typically consist of contour lines (equidistance of 5 metres) and elevation points, coasts, lakes, watercourses, soil, land use, buildings, structural installations and service lines, roads, railways and other forms of transport.
“Geodata”
Spatial data (geodata) is data with a direct or indirect reference to a particular position or geographic area. The terms geospatial information, geo-referenced information, location data and geodata are often used interchangeably.
Geospatial information
Geospatial information is information about objects (water, houses, roads, lighthouses, etc.), events and conditions in which the position (location on earth) is an integral part of the information. The terms geospatial information, geo-referenced information, location data and geodata are often used interchangeably.
Geospatial data infrastructure
Geospatial data infrastructure is society’s foundation for access to geospatial information. It consists of data and metadata (documentation) and electronic services. It also includes legal, administrative, technical and organisational assumptions, including coordinate systems and other reference frames for positioning. In English, the term “Spatial Data Infrastructure” (SDI) or “National Spatial Data Infrastructure” (NSDI) is often used.
Geospatial services
The geospatial data infrastructure builds on the exchange of data based on an ISO-standardised electronic service and application programming interface (API). Examples of this are: WMS (Web Map Service), WFS (Web Feature Service), WCS (Web Coverage Service), CSW (Catalogue Service Web). For more information, see: https://www.geonorge.no/Geodataarbeid/Levere-kartdata/veiledere/
“Geovekst”
Geovekst is a cooperative effort for the joint financing, establishment and maintenance of basic geospatial information. Geovekst is based on a framework agreement from 1992 between the Norwegian Mapping Authority, Directorate of Public Roads and the former Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities, Norwegian Energy Providers’ Trade Association and the Norwegian Telecommunication Administration. The Ministry of Agriculture acceded to the agreement later that same year. Several other parties have acceded to the cooperation over time. The parties enter into concrete local project agreements based on the framework agreement. This cooperation is coordinated by the Norwegian Mapping Authority with assistance from the Geovekst Forum, where all the key parties participate. The parties are the joint owners of the data established through the cooperation. For more information, see:http://www.kartverket.no/geodataarbeid/Geovekst/
INSPIRE
Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) is a common European geospatial data infrastructure that aims to ensure access to publicly managed geospatial information, which includes the natural environment, transport and settlement, as well as population and environmental conditions, among other things. INSPIRE has been defined by a special EU Directive (2007/2/EC). INSPIRE encompasses the following 34 themes:
- Coordinate reference system
- Geographical grid systems
- Geographical names
- Administrative units
- Addresses
- Cadastral parcels
- Transport networks
- Hydrography
- Protected areas
- Elevation
- Land cover
- Orthoimagery
- Geology
- Statistical units
- Buildings
- Soil
- Land use
- Human health and safety
- Utility and governmental services
- Environmental monitoring facilities
- Production and industrial facilities
- Agricultural and aquaculture facilities
- Population distribution
- Area management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting units
- Natural risk zones
- Atmospheric conditions
- Meteorological geographical features
- Oceanographic geographical features
- Sea regions
- Bio-geographical regions
- Habitats and biotopes
- Species distribution
- Energy resources
- Mineral resources
For more information, see:http://www.kartverket.no/geodataarbeid/Inspire/
Internet of Things (IoT)
The Internet of Things is a term that refers to all types of machines and “things” connected to the Internet, which can thus communicate with other machines and “things”. The fact that computers, televisions, parking meters, thermostats, refrigerators, watches and light bulbs are connected to the Internet makes the collection, registration, analysis and presentation of data about them via the Internet possible. This in turn provides the foundation for a host of new services and “smart” applications, ranging from power management, efficient transport systems and better logistics to better control of one's own health. Experts have predicted that the number of connected devices will reach 100 billion devices by 2020.
ITS – Intelligent Transport Systems
Intelligent Transport Systems and Services (ITS) is a collective term for all types of information and communication technologies used in the transport sector. ITS is a specialist and technology area that is rapidly evolving. ITS provides enormous opportunities for development for all modes of transport, for society as a whole and as a market area for Norwegian trade and industry.
Mareano
Mareano is a programme for mapping depth, seabed conditions, biological diversity, types of natural environments and pollution in the sediments in Norwegian sea areas . The programme aims to answer questions about the physical environment, biological diversity and biological resources in the sea areas. The programme is managed by
the Institute of Marine Research, the Geological Survey of Norway and the Norwegian Mapping Authority, and is funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries and the Ministry of Climate and Environment through appropriations over the government budget. For more information, see:http://www.mareano.no/
National Geodata Council
A national council appointed by the King in Council in 2012. Re-established in 2016, for a term of 4 years. The Council will strengthen cooperation on society’s common geospatial data infrastructure. For more information, see: https://www.geonorge.no/Geodataarbeid/geografisk-infrastruktur/Norge-digitalt/nasjonalt-geodatarad/
Norway Digital cooperation
This agreement-based cooperation is a broad cooperation between enterprises responsible for obtaining geo-referenced information or large users of such information. The parties in this cooperation – municipalities, counties and national agencies – are providers of geospatial data and online services. There are common technical and administrative obligations based on the Spatial Data Act and common agreed requirements for the cooperation. Development of the cooperation is anchored in the Spatial Data Act and regulations pursuant thereto. The Government has overall responsibility for Norway Digital, and the general guidelines for the cooperation are established through the government budget.
Coordination Group for Geospatial Information
The Coordination Group for Geospatial Information is the executive body and decision-making authority for the parties in the Norway Digital cooperation. For more information, see: https://www.geonorge.no/Geodataarbeid/geografisk-infrastruktur/Norge-digitalt/Samordningsgruppenfor-geografisk-informasjon/
Big data
A term that refers to handling a volume of data that contains a lot of information, but which is too large, too diverse and too unstructured so that traditional techniques can be used to extract the information. By means of statistical analysis methods, distributed data processing and advanced visualisation techniques, huge amounts of data can be analysed in real time and provide a basis for better decisions and predictions. In meteorology, big data was used early on to analyse weather observations over a long period of time to simulate how many different physical processes interact to form the weather around us.
UN-GGIM
The United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management, established under the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), is an initiative for common objectives and initiatives related to geospatial information. The Committee advises on the use and management of geospatial information, including work with the United Nations sustainable development goals. For more information, see: http://ggim.un.org/
Reuse
The disclosure and reuse of public data refers to allowing trade and industry, researchers and civil society to obtain access to and benefit from information in the possession of the public administration. For more information, see: https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/retningslinjer-ved-tilgjengeliggjoring-av-offentlige-data/id2536870/
Open data
Open data is structured information that has been made available so that the data can be read and interpreted by both machines and humans. The data must also have an open license so that it can easily be reused by anyone who wants to use it. It does not necessarily have to be free. For more information, see:http://data.norge.no/document/del-og-skap-verdier-veileder-i-tilgjengeliggj%C3%B8ring-av-offentligedata/hva-er-%C3%A5pne-data